Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - 1466 Words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome â€Å"If women didn’t drink anymore during pregnancy, there would never be another baby born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effect† (McCuen 33). This is a very powerful statement. It is also a very simple cure for an alarmingly high birth defect that all women have the power to stop. â€Å"Every year more than 40,000 American children are born with defects because their mother drank alcohol while pregnant â€Å" (McCuen 34). That is 1 to 3 per 1,000 live births (McCuen 31). Many of these cases go undiagnosed â€Å"It is also the number one cause of mental retardation in the United States, and one of the three leading causes of birth defects.† (McCuen 33-34). â€Å"Alcohol produces more significant†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Alcohol, like other teratogenic agents, is associated with a spectrum of malformations related to dose and timing. The multiplicity of effects suggests that alcohol can alter development throughout gestatio n† (Rosett and Weiner 65). Therefore because it is not known when in fetal development when alcohol causes neurological and physical defects no amount of alcohol is safe. The best way to prevent FAS is by abstaining from the use of alcohol products. This sounds so simple, but for many women it is not. Usually infants born to mothers who are alcoholics have little to no prenatal care. With no prenatal care a mother who consumes alcohol is not warned or told of the dangers of drinking. A lot of these children end up in foster care being shuttled back and forth between families, due to the behavioral and physical problems FAS and FAE does not discriminate against race, creed or color. Studies have shown, â€Å"In the United states one in 500 children is diagnosed with FAS and one in 300 children is diagnosed with FAE. On the Indian reservation the numbers are much more staggering. They are one in 99 FAS children born† (McCuen 59) â€Å"FAS is 30 times more commonly reported in Native Americans than it is in whites, and six timesShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome942 Words   |  4 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome According to Seaver, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is birth defects causing learning, and behavioral problems in individuals whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder is very serious, yet it is recognized as one of the most preventable. This causes major issues, when something so serious could be prevented but is not. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a problem because it leaves a permanent effect on the unborn child, but some solutions could be educating women andRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancyRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pageslead to many severe abnormalities in the growing fetus. More specifically, a disorder that will be explored in this essay is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Since the alcohol is consumed in such a developing stage of the fetus, it can potentially cause many different complications in the unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome could easily be prevented with more awareness to the issue and its defining characteristics, how it affects the fetus during growthRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof prenatal alcohol exposure (Lupton, 2003). This number will only continue to grow if the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant i s not brought to the people’s attention. When the mother takes a drink of alcohol, so does the fetus, which will cause physical and behavioral problems after birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is completely preventable and irreversible. FAS awareness and prevention is important; expectant mothers need to know the background information about the syndrome, some commonRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition affecting children born to women who drink heavily during pregnancy. There are three criteria used to describe the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and to make a diagnosis of FAS. The first of these is a pattern of facial anomalies, these features include: #61558; Small eye openings #61558; Flat cheekbones #61558; Flattened groove between nose and upper lip #61558; Thin upper lip These characteristicsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a mental and physical birth defect. It occurs when a pregnant women consumes high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy. The effects of FAS can be traumatic in some cases, and in others children were slightly affected by exposure to alcohol. FAS has a wide range of effects on the fetus and infant, retarded growth, under developed facial features, slow cognitive development, and many more. The evidence of cases is overwhelming, yet in some societies it is still anRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that can happen to children whose mothers drank sufficient amounts of alcohol sometime throughout their pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition classified in a group called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and is the most known and severe of the group. FAS, depending on the factors such as location, population and race studied is considered one of the leading known causes of mental retardation and birth defects, with 0.2 – 1.5 out of every 1Read MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome2703 Words   |  11 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described theseRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesyou want your child to have FAS? Read on and I believe you will come to the same conclusion as I have about FAS. FAS doesn’t sound so bad, but in reality it is. FAS means Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS is a combination of physical and mental defects first evident at a baby’s birth. FAS is a direct result of a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. These defects continue through out the child’s life. One in five hundred children are born with FAS. Your baby is at risk no matter how much liquor youRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is an increasing problem in our world today. At least 5,000 infants are born each year with FAS, or about one out of every 750 live births, which is an alarming number. In the United States there has been a significant increase in the rate of infants born with FAS form 1 per 10,000 births in 1979 to 6.7 per 10,000 in 1993 (Chang, Wilikins-Haug, Berman, Goetz 1). In a report, Substance Abuse and the American Woman, sent out by the Center on Addiction

Study of Profitability of a Logistics Company - 3652 Words

STUDY OF PROFITABILITY OF A LOGISTICS COMPANY USING ECONOMETRICS TOOLS Executive summary This study examines the impact of three factors, namely Sales, Fixed assets and Interest paid on the profitability of a logistics company. Econometric tool of multiple linear regression model was used for analyzing the impact of above factors on profitability of a major logistics company GATI Limited. Based on the financial data of last 10 years 2000-2009 the regression analysis has revealed that profitability of GATI ltd. is significantly affected positively by increase in fixed assets and adversely affected by increase in interest paid. The impact of increase in sales volume on profitability is positive but miniscule. In addition seasonality†¦show more content†¦Moreover, projects such as the Golden Quadrilateral program, National Maritime program, and introduction of freight corridors in rails shall strengthen the growth. The current economic scenario, which is largely impacted by the global slowdown however is expected to recover soon with the fall in logistics costs due to the huge developments in infrastructure. With the rise in disposable incomes, changing consumer preferences, fast emerging retail segments, infrastructure investment, the Indian logistics sector and the 3PL markets are expected to witness explosive growth in the successive years. Constraints and Challenges The biggest challenge faced by the organised logistics companies in India today, is competition from the unorganized operators. This is coupled with increasing environmental pressures, government regulations and subsidies for infrastructure development. Adding to all these, is the lack of â€Å"Industry status† to the logistics sector. Business Risks and Mitigation The Year 2008-2009 for India was quite different from the expectations of industry stalwarts and economy speculators. Increase in input materials costs, wages, interest and transportation forced companies to cut costs. Logistic service providers therefore are required to be cost effective and more efficient to compete in market place. High logistics and warehousing costs in India shows that there areShow MoreRelated1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Significance In the present day, logistics cost is considered to1400 Words   |  6 Pages1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Significance In the present day, logistics cost is considered to be an important factor showing potential and competency level in both organizational and national stage. Several of entrepreneurs face a high production cost problem which is a result from higher prices of oil and raw materials. In the meantime, exporters also encountered with the problem of Thai Baht currency appreciating trend. Therefore, entrepreneurs have to adapt and adjust themselves to surviveRead MoreStrategic and Financial Logistics Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 3 Strategic and Financial Logistics  © Portions Argee Logistics and Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Learning Objectives †¢ To appreciate how logistics can influence an organization’s strategic financial outcomes †¢ To review basic financial terminology  © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 3-2 Learning Objectives †¢ To understand how the Strategic Profit Model can demonstrate the financial impact of logistics activities †¢ To become aware ofRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Neural Network759 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we could create a user-defined function on Python that replicates the method. The interpretation of the method is provided below. The outputs of the different algorithms in the context of our study: Decision Tree: features importance (Gini impurity factor) – 200 random seeds averaged. Logistic regression: normalized feature importance (beta coefficients) – 200 random seeds averaged. Neural network: Garson’s feature importance. Garson’s algorithm identifies the relative importance of explanatoryRead MoreExplanation Of A Neural Network735 Words   |  3 Pagesable to create a user-defined function on Python that replicates the method. The interpretation of the method is provided below. The outputs of the different algorithms in the context of our study are the following: Decision Tree: features importance (Gini impurity factor) – 200 random seeds averaged. Logistic regression: normalized features importance (beta coefficients) – 200 random seeds averaged. Neural network: Garson’s feature importance. Garson’s algorithm identifies the relative importanceRead MoreNorton Lilly Case Study1351 Words   |  5 PagesNorton Lilly Case Study Qs Introduction One of the major features of globalization has been the mergence and increased importance of third party logistics providers and support industries for shipping and transport operations. As businesses become more global in their scope and supply chains grow ever wider in scope and more globally integrated, the complexities and considerations of achieving efficient and cost-effective transport and support services grows more difficult, and most manufacturingRead MoreInventory And Transportation : Supply Chain Total Cost Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesinventory and transportation as two key contributors of supply chain total cost. They require keen attention for supply chain efficiency to be realized. Inventory costs include; Capital cost that forms the largest factor of inventory carrying cost. Companies must balance money held inform of inventory and money required for daily operations. Inventory is treated as an asset in the balance sheet hence attracts taxation from most governme nts. To cover against loss and damages, insurance premiums are paidRead MorePlaza of Zaragoza1385 Words   |  6 PagesPlaza, the Logistics Park of Zaragoza Author’s Name H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship LOG 5010 - International Transport amp; Logistics Term The Logistics Plaza of Zaragoza is the largest logistic park in Europe. It is a ten-year project that started in 2000, which is now at the middle of its completion. There are not many articles on logistic parks up till now because it is a very recent development. Generally, logistic activities would grow around strategicRead MoreMAJOR FUNCTION SUB-FUNCTION SERVICES PLAN Warehousing and Storage Distribution Reserve1000 Words   |  4 PagesModel The role that 3PL companies would perform for UB company in the future would likely move away from traditional tasks such as warehousing and transportation, to provide complete business solutions such as â€Å"managing suppliers and inventory with on-time replenishments, distribution of finished goods with localization by postponement, together with customer support and even managing returns† ( Fong ,2005).To provide such value-added services to UB Company, 3PL companies must improve their technologicalRead MoreOcean Spray Cranberries, Inc.947 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to a case study cited by Staudt and Stranz (2009), Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc is an agricultural cooperative owned by more than 750 cranberry growers in the United States and Canada. The company produces canned and bottled juice, juice drinks and food products at distribution centers in Bordentown, New Jersey; Kenosha, Wisconsin; Sulphur Springs, Texas; and Henderson, Nevada. August is usually a challenging month for Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., when the Lakeville,Read MoreCommercial Analysis Forecasting Management Project Accounting Management1511 Words   |  7 PagesAn innovative and highly competent finance professional (CPA, BBus) offering over 7 years of cross-industry experience spanning mining, engineering construction, through to logistics/transport, materials handling and motoring services. Recognised as a true business-partner to management, providing the knowledge and expertise needed to aid all levels of decision making. A specialist in modelling and qu antifying business activity for periodic reporting, budgeting and forecasting, and other decision-making

Artist Deconstruction A Starry Night Free Essays

Artist Deconstruction: A Starry Night If there is one thing in this life that cannot be escaped, it is art. Art takes over our visual and audio senses as well as sensation of touch and emotion. Not only does art take over our senses, but it also does something wonderful to our mental status. We will write a custom essay sample on Artist Deconstruction: A Starry Night or any similar topic only for you Order Now It raises awareness and stimulates our brains. Some art can touch us on a very deep emotional level. I have chosen to write about a portrait painted by Vaccine van Gogh called Starry Night, which was painted in June 1889. This painting depicts the view outside van Sago’s sanitarium room window at night. How does van Gogh use visual imagery to depict the four visual cures in this painting? How does the physiology of the eye help see the four visual cures? The visual cortex has cells that respond to a spot of light while others noted the edges of objects, certain angles of lines, specific movements, colors or the space between lines (Lester 2011). The use of visual imagery is used in the form of color, form, depth and movement. The first thing that I noticed in this painting was the overwhelming night sky, which takes up most of the background. The color that is most prominent in the painting is blue. This has a connection with the sea and sky which each relate to movement of the cool dark colors. Eleven fiery yellow stars that look like huge fireballs illuminate this whole piece and contrast with the cool blue, fluid night sky which shows variety of shades of blue and grey. There is also the crescent moon at the top right hand corner that radiates an almost orange, brighter light from the rest of the stars. The view of the night sky and village is partially blocked by this huge cypress tree. The tree has a black and green coloring which stands out. The houses are tiny and painted in the bottom right corner of the painting and blend in well with the forest and mountains. The architecture of the village is simple and no light illuminates the village, giving the impression that everyone there is probably asleep. The use of form is evident in this painting by the use of the use dot to dot effect and with the use of lines. The dot to dot effect leads your eyes in a particular way oiling over the hills. The spacing between the stars and the curving shapes create a dot to dot effect. The use of lines that are swirling, appear to be swishing across the background in a wax. Y motion and seem to be merging at the center to form this spiral like formation. All of the swirling lines in the sky direct your eyes around the painting. Both forms have a lot to do with movement within the painting as I believe the forms, shapes and spirals in the painting are meant to be a meaner of expression and used to convey emotion. This is an abstract painting, which creates depth by using texture cues by conveying depth to the edges and texture to boundaries. I perceive this painting of having an illusion of constantly being in motion. The uses of horizontal lines is used to create depth in the night sky, while the vertical lines on the cypress tree draw the viewer to the object as it takes over the countryside. The curving lines of the cypress tree mirror the sky, which also create depth in the painting. Since humans see in three dimensions the use of depth in this painting is brought out by the size, color, ND lighting and through perspective. The painting also has movement as it shows motion and has what I perceive to be a sense of flowing movement. The pattern of the waves with in the cypress tree, the layers of lines within the stars and the spiral in the sky all amplify the sense of motion. The lines in the painting show movement in the sky as well as distance. The lines that make up the building get thinner as your eye looks further and deeper into the painting. The use of texture within the painting is visually meant to provide a ensue of motion along with the curvy forms in the sky giving the illusion of the wind blowing. My interpretation of Starry Night is Just one of the many and it remains very much an elusive work to art critics and students alike. Because nobody really knows Van Sago’s intention of painting this piece, everybody seems to be using different codes to decipher what Van Gogh was trying to bring across. For me, the painting communicated this love he had for Gods beautiful creations, and yet, there is this sense of loneliness as if no one really saw the world as he saw it. How to cite Artist Deconstruction: A Starry Night, Papers

Legal Advice Penalties and Punishment Under Australian Law

Question: Discuss about the Legal Advice Penalties and Punishment Under Australian Law. Answer: Introduction There are five friends Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim who lives in Northern NSW in Australia. They usually used to meet in the weekend. They met on mid December of 2016 on Sunday with a Christmas mood of celebration in a hotel for a cocktail party with gourmet wood fired pizzas and hard drink. They have also done shopping for their relatives. Jane bought expensive knives for her parents for kitchen. Grayson bought toy car for his nephew. Stacy ought ultrasonic for whistle for her boy friend. Teri bought RESIST flag or her cousin and Kim bought normal home products. Among them Grayson was anti Christmas because he used to think that Christmas is for showing capitalism. So he wore a black t-shirt which was against Christmas. As everyone was in a festive mood even the bartender in the hotel so they were over drunk which raised problem for them. Issues rose because of their wrong behaviour in a public place at front of the police and their misbehaviour was the reason of the penalty t aken from them. In this case all the five rinds are liable for their penalties and their actions which they performed. The interpretation and liability is discussed in the ILAC method below. Issues The first issue in the case is excessive drinking in the festive season. The bartender was also in a festive mood so he gave the hard drink with less amount of water and it was their fault that they did not drunk in a limit. The second mistake was done by Grayson who wore a black t-shirt which gave wrong anti Christmas message which was against Christian capitalism. Then their mistake was walking in a wrong manner in the foot path and talking rubbish after they were drunk which breaks the peaceful equilibrium and may disturb the people in public place. After giving the warning from the constable they ignored and started behaving in an abusive manner with the constables. They also started criticizing the law which was the biggest crime. Five of them started behaving in a wrong way with the two of the constable after warning. Teri came in debate with the police constable that it is their right to speak and walk as per their own wish but walking in a drunken condition and behaving in a wrong way in street is against Summary Offences Act 1988[1]. In the street Teri started shouting on infringement on her rights by taking the resist flag which she bought for her cousin. By following her all her friends supported Teri by behaving in same manner which a wrong. Teri also drops per her pant and shows her buttocks and also pulled her trouser up. All these were the offensive and abusive behaviour which she did with the police and that as against the law[2]. Stacy also started blowing the dog whistle in the street which was disturbing the entire environed in the street and the home or schools near the area. Then Grayson took the remote control toy car and steer the car towards the constable which was another abusive behaviour with police. After all these offense of doing abusive behaviour with the police they constables ordered Jane and Kim to show the things inside their bag. When knives were found in the bag of Jane they thought that she has an intention of doing any offense and they asked for the penalty of $50 from Jane or to visit the court. Because of all the past records and the abusive behaviour of five friends with the police is the reason that the constables lost their faith from Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim and as they were breaking the equilibrium of public by breaking their peace and disturbing the equilibrium of the public place. Issues rose because after all such behaviours penalty was asked by the five friends under Australian law and they were given punishment under different sections so that they do not commit such actions further in their life. Laws For all the instances faced there are some penalties and punishment for breaching Summary Offences Act 1988. If the five friends ask for legal idea then the legal advisor will say that, according to section 25 of NSW Legislation of Summary Offences Act 1988 if any person behaves in an abusive and offensive manner in a public place then they can b arrested or asked for penalty which was given to the five friends Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim. Each of them got punishment for their actions of breaching the rules[3]. As Grayson took out the remote control toy car from his bag and harassed the police by chasing them with the care, so Grayson was charged penalty under section 11 H (1)(a)[4]. According to section 11H use of intimidator vehicles are not allowed which has been used by Grayson o abuse the police which is an offence. According to section 11H (1) it is not allowed a person to use motorised vehicle in public place and according to section 11H (1) (a) if that manner is used t o harass someone then they will be asked penalty legally and if they are not capable of giving that then they will be imprisoned which can occur in the case of Grayson[5]. There are 6 penalty units of section 11H under which compensation or penalty can be asked from him for the wrong behaviour which he did with the constables. Grayson was charged also charged under section 4A of Summary Offences Act 1988 and he should also be charged under section 4[6]. According to section 4 of Summary Offences Act 1988, if any offensive conduct is done in any public place then whether 3 months imprisonment or penalty can be asked. Offensive conduct is done by Grayson by harassing the police with the remote car toy. Penalty was also asked from Grayson under section 4A of Summary Offences Act 1988[7]. As Grayson wore a t-shirt in which it was written that Keep Calm and Fuck Christmas, which is against Christianity and using offensive language in public place so penalty is needed to be given by him so under section 4A (1) penalty should be asked from him. Under Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999, the person can be imprisoned or punished under law[8]. Stacey was asked penalty under section 28J of Summary Offences Act 1988 for the offence of hunting on private land. As she blown the dog whistle and a small fluffy Maltes came out from a house, it indicated that she was hunting in a private pace which was a crime ad offence[9]. In this case under Local Land Service Act 2013, the land owner or the owner of the dog can sue Stacey because of hunting their private dog. There are 10 penalty units and 12 months imprisonment for that offence[10]. Jane is charged under section 11C of Summary Offences Act 1988 which falls under subdivision 1 of Knives and offensive implements. According to section 11C a person should not keep knife or any dangerous weapon with him or her while travelling in public place[11]. As Jane had knives with her so she was asked penalty under section 11C which has 20 penalty units and there are 2 years punishment if the penalty is not provided. So legally it can be said that someone should give proof that why the person is carrying knife with him or hear. It is important that valid reasons needed to be shown. As the previous records of Jane and his friend was not good, so the constable asked penalty from her. Teri was charged under section 5 of Summary Offences Act 1988 because of the obscene exposure done by her. Firstly she incensed an infringement wither rights by showing the flag which she purchased for her cousin[12]. Secondly she opened her pants and shown her buttocks and pulled up her trousers which are obscene exposure in public place. This is a crime, so under section 5 whether penalty is asked by her as there are 10 penalty units or six months imprisonment can be given to her for her misbehaviour or obscene behaviour. All the five friends were charged under section 9 of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 because disorder and intoxicated direction was behaved by them while loitering in the public place. As they were moving in an intoxicated condition after drinking so maximum there are 15 penalty units which can claim penalty or compensation from them[13]. It is not allowed to loiter in public place with intoxicated way so as they did that so it is punishable offence for them. They were also punished under section 23 of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 which is authorized under authorized public assemblies. These were implied on them because they broke the public rules made by Australian government[14]. Exclusion observed in case of Jane because as she has given penalty of $50 to the constable under section 29 of penalty notice, so she can prove that section 11C is unlawfully forced charge given on her[15]. In such condition she can counter appear to court against the constable for giving charge after taking financial penalty on the moment and on the prove can show the receipt of the penalty change given by her. So in this case the charge can be dismissed by the court. Another charge of section 6 SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 because hey were blocking the traffic in the public place. According to section 6 it is an offense to obstruct traffic in public place which can disturb people. There are 4 penalty units of this act. All these are the sections which are implemented on them which have to be faced by five of the friends. Application In all the cases the parties themselves are responsible for their deeds. The liability comes on them except Jane. Jane can counter appeal in court because she has only performed one wrong ct that is loitering in an intoxicated condition in the street. He has bought the knives for the kitchen in her house for her and her parents need. A person can buy the important things which she needs and which is useful to the person. Still after charging penalty she gave $50 to the constables so it is wrong to charge under section 11C of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988. She may fight against this unlawful charge by appealing to court and objected positive decision can be taken on her side. The offences created by the five friends are hard to be resolved because they had misbehaved with the constables in the public place and the laws and regulations are against them. They have also breached the statuary law of Summary Offence Act which cannot be forbidden[16]. Australian government has got several princ iples which are strict and as the citizens of the country they should have ideas that what is wrong and what is right. If the ask for any legal suggestions for help, so they cannot be rescued and in that case they have to whether give the penalty under the penalty units for doing offences in intoxicated condition or they have to accept imprisonment or punishment given by the Australian court under NSW act. It is necessary all the acts are needed to be performed safely which the five friends are needed to be followed by the people. Conclusion In this assignment details about Summary Offences Act 1988 is given and the case with the ILAC method is described. The offences of five friends has been described who did minor mistakes but penalty charged had to be given by them. It is described that if publically offences are done and a person misbehaves with police constables then they has to give the penalty for that. So it is necessary that proper rules of government should be followed and any offensive behaviour or obscene actions should not be taken publically which can ask penalty and severe punishment may be the result as described in the cases of the assignment. Bibliography Bonney, R. (1989).NSW Summary Offences Act 1988. NSW Bureau of Crime and Statistics Research, Attorney General's Department. Greenfield, Eric J and David J Nowak,Tree Cover And Aridity Projections To 2060(U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1st ed, 2013) Hooper, Anthony et al,Blackstone's Criminal Practice, 2012(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2011) Miller, C. J,Contempt Of Court(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2000) ROAD TRANSPORT ACT 2013(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/rta2013187/ SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 11Ccustody Of Knife In Public Place Or School(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s11c.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 11Hintimidatory Use Of Vehicles And Vessels(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s11h.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 23Authorised Public Assemblies(2016) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s23.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 25Prohibition By A Court Of A Public Assembly(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s25.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 28Joffence Of Hunting On Private Land(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s28j.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 29Penalty Notices(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s29.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 4Aoffensive Language(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s4a.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 4Offensive Conduct(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s4.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 5Obscene Exposure(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s5.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 9Continuation Of Intoxicated And Disorderly Behaviour Following Move On Direction(2016) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s9.html Thomas, Brett,Section 10 Of The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999(NSW Young Lawyers, 1st ed, 2011)

Greyson Phelan Essays - Marketing, World Wide Web, Alphabet Inc.

Greyson Phelan Dr. Lartz Writing 107 2 November 2017 Online Market Manipulation: Who can You Even Trust Anymore? Advertisements, Marketing, and the way companies and consumers use the internet has changed almost completely from what it was only about a decade ago. With the ever-growing dependency people have on the internet, companies have found ways to manipulate the kind of advertisements consumers view, take information on consumers and use it toward them, and even go as far as to manipulate search results on widely used search engines such as Google. Olivia Salon and Sam Levin wrote a joint article together for The Guardian titled "How Google's search algorithm spreads false information with a right-wing bias" that discusses and reveals how Google search results, an online information tool used by millions every day, have and still can be altered to show biased political, social, and religious result. Along with this, Mark Bartholomew published an article for the Los Angeles Review of Books titled "Hiding in Plain View: The Past and Present of Manipulative Advertising" which provides an analysis of the way social media platforms, online firms, and advertising companies all use the personal information of consumers to specify what websites, advertisements, and products they view online. How does today's digital environment manipulate and persuade consumers and their views? Salon and Levin's article is effective with their use of persuasive images and pathos by providing actual screenshots of maligned and biased Google search results and how destructive their results can be, and Bartholomew's article uses logos and ethos effectively by recounting the ways companies advertised in the past and how they have progressed to molding adds around the very individual consumer. From reading these articles, I have developed my own thoughts and beliefs on the topic of digital environment and consumer manipulation and just how severe of a problem this is not just in the present day, but in the future as well. Salon and Levin's article, "How Google's search algorithm spreads false information with a right-wing bias" highlights the very real situation of incorrect and biased search results and the problems that the dissemination of misinformation can cause for consumers which is being done by search engines, specifically Google. The two journalists go on in depth about accounts of Google changing their search results to be politically biased and the dangers this can cause for consumers and voters by having this ongoing dissemination of misinformation. Salon and Levin go in further to describe the role even Facebook has and how they created incentives for users to generate misleading content on their platform. By allowing for spaces and incentives like this to exist, these companies are supporting the practice of misleading and manipulating the consumer to benefit themselves through an online platform. Salon and Levin continue past this to talk directly about the algorithm Google uses for its search engine and how there are actually a great deal of flaws that can be and have been manipulated by politically motivated groups in the past. The journalists end their article by quoting a Google representative describing how their search algorithm is not exact at all, in fact it has many flaws in which they try to fix constantly and can be exploited by the smart few. Salon and Levin use the rhetorical strategies of persuasive images and logos to buttress their points in their article well. By using persuasive images along with their article, Salon and Levin provide picture evidence that the reader can see for themselves of Google and their disparaging search results. For example, when looking up climate change, the image was provided of varying search results coming up all around the lines of "climate change is a hoax" or "climate change is fake". By doing this, Salon and Levin are really able to open the readers eyes to the biased information they can receive from a generally trusted source such as Google. Along with these persuasive images, the journalists present logical and well thought out arguments decrying these biased results. By using pathos, the journalists appeal to the reader's emotional and human side by trying to show how offensive and wrong the information you view online can be to others. I agree with

Outbreak the Movie eassy essays

Outbreak the Movie eassy essays OUTBREAK and the IMMUNE SYSTEM essay The movie OUTBREAK starring Dustin Hoffman, Rene Russo, and Cuba Gooding jr. incorporates many of the biological concepts discussed in class this year. OUTBREAK involves concepts we have learned such as: Viruses and Bacteria, Human Genetics, Evolution and Mutation, and overall the Immune System of the human body. OUTBREAK was the idea that a virus from Africa called Mutoba whose host was a monkey traveled to America and infection of this deadly disease quickly spread because of the virus Evolving/Mutating from a virus that is only spread by contact to an airborne virus. The virus was first discovered in 1967 in a small village in Zaire that was only a spread by contact. The virus was brought to the camp by a couple of men that sent out to build roads in the jungle then they came back to the village and drank from the well, from there all the people from the village drank form the well and by the time they found the source of the disease it was too late. However, the virus that infested Cedar Creek was first spread by contact because of a monkey that was smuggled from Africa to a pet store to be sold. However, after the monkey infected people the virus mutated and then became contagious by air. The protein coat around the virus changed allowing it to survive in the air. A protein coat prot ects the virus inside from dying as soon as it hits the air. It is shown that the protein coat changed in the movie by a picture comparing the two viruses from 1967 to the present virus in Cedar Creek. The present day virus has a sharp box like structure surrounding it that helps it survive in the air longer. The Mutoba virus kills by first infecting a single cell then replicating itself millions of times before killing the cell and moving on until there is no more cells left to kill and your insides basically melt from all the cells being destroyed. People show symptoms of the virus in abo...

Hypothesis Testing & Variance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypothesis Testing & Variance - Research Paper Example The critical value is 1.997138 test statistic is -14.2189. Since the calculation of the confidence level failed to include 5.2, the null hypothesis would be rejected H0: ÃŽ ¼= 5.2. Nevertheless the decision is a close one since it had the two-tailed test of hypothesis, as the minimum confidence level limit almost included 5.2. Application for managers.Even though, the sample mean 5.078788 appears to be extremely close to 5.2, the mean has a more by one standard deviation from the mean desired. This problem shows that a small difference in mean could be so crucial. It all relies on n and ÏÆ'. This means that the standard error forms the test statistic’s denominator. In this regard, there is a high chance of precision in the process of manufacturing (ÏÆ' = 0.72 is extremely small) the standard error and available variation is relatively small. The small, mean difference may not be identified to the customers. Since the calculation of the confidence level failed to include 5.4, the null hypothesis would be rejected H0: ÃŽ ¼= 5.4. Nevertheless the decision is a close one since it had the two-tailed test of hypothesis, as the minimum confidence level limit almost included 5.4.  Application for managers.Interpretation: Despite The fact that, the sample means 5.386364appears to be extremely close to 5.4, the mean has an addition of two standard deviations from the mean desired. This problem shows that a small difference in the mean could be so crucial. In this regard, there is a high chance of precision in the process of manufacturing.

Brian Norris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brian Norris - Essay Example If an organization has to achieve its business objectives, its marketing manager has to look into the market demand, to determine the feasibility of marketing strategies. The marketing manager is responsible for attuning the level, timing and composition of customer demands to achieve business objectives. On the whole, marketing management all about determining and implementing effective marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are tactics by which an organization gains a competitive edge in the marketplace. Through these strategies an organization determines how to concentrate its resources to achieve, target business objectives. If a marketing strategy has to be effective, it must do research to find out if an organizational opportunity exists in the market in which they want to do business. The factors influencing organizational opportunity are environmental opportunity, distinctive competency and success requirements. Each of these factors is to be looked into during the process of market analysis. Marking analysis is a process which includes the process of ccustomer analysis, company analysis, collaborator analysis, competitor analysis, and analysis of the industry context. These five types of analysis constitute the four C's of marketing analysis and help to answer the following questions: In order to carry ou... What are the steps to be taken to gain a competitive edge in the market 2.1 Marketing Research In order to carry out marketing analysis, marketing research must be performed to collect the data required for analysis. Marketing research involved the employment of a variety of techniques. Some techniques of market research are: Qualitative marketing research, such as focus groups - Through Qualitative research, data can be collected from a relatively small group of respondents. This data will not be analyzed using statistical techniques, but its purpose is to help to determine the elements which drive the market on a product, generate a hypothesis on such elements and enable an organization to develop quantitative research designs for determine the feasibility of entry into a particular market. The methods used in this research include in-Depth Interviews, Focus Groups and Projective Techniques. Quantitative marketing research, such as statistical surveys - Quantitative marketing research applies quantitative research techniques, to understand the trends in the current market. The major steps involved in the research process include, definition of the problem of market to be studied, designing the search criteria, collecting data, analyzing the data collected and finally writing a report on what is understood from data gathered. The number of respondents from whom data is collected can range between something like a mere 10 in number to something like 10 million. This kind of marketing research may include a hypothesis on the trends found in the market. Random sampling methods can be used to draw inferences from people, who have provided information. Experimental techniques such as test markets - Experimental research

Their bottoms are the wrong shape The theory of established outsider Essay

Their bottoms are the wrong shape The theory of established outsider relations and female jockeys - Essay Example The argument that women riders are â€Å"outsiders† within the racing figuration is derived from Elias’ theory of established and outsider relations and the method chosen for the study is a s series of eight semi-structured interviews with female jockeys who are already established in their careers. The article starts with a quotation from a female jockey who professes to hate being referred to as a â€Å"female jockey† and this highlights the tension that exists in the minds of many professional women who find themselves a focus of extra attention just because their gender is different from the large majority of participants in a certain field. The historical and cultural dominance of masculinity in sport generally encourages this tendency and racing is quite typical in this respect. Citing Cassidy (2002) and Grimes and Ray (1995) the authors demonstrate that vertical gender segregation is a feature of employment in the sport of racing, with women occupying the majority of low status roles, such as groom, while the higher status roles are generally occupied by men. The existence of male-only trainers is cited as another example of the systematic exclusion of women from prestigious roles, with the direct consequence that women obtain fewer mounts than their male counterparts. After this anecdotal introduction there is a discussion of theoretical concepts such as social habitus, insider and outsider, group disgrace and group charisma. The term â€Å"habitus† is drawn again from Elias, rather than Bourdieu, and defined as â€Å"second nature† (Van Krieken, 1998, p. 47) or â€Å"the level of personality characteristics which individuals share in common with fellow members of their group† (Mennell, 1992, p. 30). The authors emphasise a collective view of habitus, in terms of the way a whole society develops over time, again following Elias, rather than the more personal, psychogenic approach of Bourdieu, although both psych ogenic and sociogenic aspects in habitus are recognised as important. The concept of power is discussed in terms of its relational and processual role, as a constant factor in all human relationships. Here again, the collective aspects are highlighted, and the authors cite the example of group power relations between an estate and a village in the work of Elias and Scotson (1964/1994). The terms â€Å"insider† and â€Å"outsider† describe not just the physical location of these two groups, but the differences that they perceive in their own role, and the power relationship that exists between the two. The power differences in the Elias and Scotson study was internalised by both groups, so that the insider villagers developed a positive â€Å"group charisma† image while the outsider estate inhabitants internalised a largely negative we-image. This is accepted by Velija and Flynn as a valid model which can be applied to other types of interdependent groups in a fi guration, including contexts such as gender relations. A number of studies are cited to demonstrate the outsider groups tend to identify with the insider group rather than with each other and that acceptance of inferior status was generally accepted by the outsider group. The work of Ernst (2003) shows that in sport women can be categorised as outsiders and that they generally have less confidence than men, and are judged both differently and more severely. These patterns are deep seated, and even when organisational change is introduced such as in the merger of women’s and men’s cricket organisations in England and Wales, the established power relations and self-images remain (Velija and Malcolm, 2009). Jockey figuration is examined in detail, starting with the history of women’

Reflection On Experience Working In Accident And Emergency

Reflection On Experience Working In Accident And Emergency This fieldwork exercise was a visit to the Minors Department within Accident and Emergency (AE) for a large London National Health Service (NHS) hospital, to observe and interview an Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) within the Department, and link their role in relation to primary health care (PHC). I had expected to learn further about the main connection between PHC and an acute care setting such as AE, assuming that it would be due to poor PHC management and issues with accessibility. These assumptions were based on some experience in AE as an Agency Nurse, along with colleagues, patients and media reports. 2.0 VISIT TO MINORS IN ACCIDENT EMERGENCY My fieldwork exercise began with covert observation in the AE waiting room, waiting for my fellow Nurse Practitioner (NP) student to arrive for a Saturday night shift. There were around 15 people and one child within the waiting room; a relatively calm environment, albeit for quiet restlessness, sighing, guarding and rocking, questioning companions as to when they would be seen, alongside comparing with others who had got in. Reception was a glass-shielded counter staffed by two personnel, informing patients registering, that there was a three hour wait. An electronic sign above reception welcomed patients, friends and relatives to the hospital, also informing them that we endeavour to see you in 4 hours; a reference to the Department of Healths (DoH) target, for patients to be discharged, admitted or transferred within four hours of presenting, in 98% of cases. The sign also requested for those with a minor illness, to attend the adjacent walk-in centre (WIC). Of note, aside from a clear focus on hygiene, was a sign notifying patients that treatment may not be free if not a United Kingdom (UK)/European Union citizen or resident. Such signage brings a principle of the Alma Ata declaration into question. The Alma Ata declaration arose following a joint World Health Organisation-UNICEF international conference, with a vision for healthcare for all people worldwide, with PHC at the heart (World Health Organisation, 2010). Although it can be argued that international guests are not paying into the NHS, and healthcare in the UK is not essentially free, given the National Insurance levy, the declaration views healthcare as a right for all, and not just those who are in a position to pay. On arrival, my fellow NP student showed me around AE. Within the adults section, the Department can be broken down to: Table 1: AE layout Department/Room Cubicles/Rooms Additional/Other Information Resuscitation 5 +1 paediatric cubicle Majors 16 Including 1 psychiatric cubicle Minors 12 Assessment/Triage 3 Clinical Decisions 10 Investigations and short term treatment (not more than 24-36 hours) Eye 1 Ear, Nose Throat 1 Plaster 1 X-Ray 1 Adjacent CT room being built next to Resuscitation The hospital is one of Londons major hospitals, opening in the 1700s in central London and developing into a main teaching hospital. With the increase in healthcare demands, more space was needed, and the hospital relocated to its present day location in the 1950s. In the 1970s, construction on the present hospital building began, and by the early 2000s, building and the final relocation of one of its hospitals was complete (Hospital website, 2009a). The AE Department is a 24 hour service, seeing around 100 000 patients per year, and of those, around 21% are admitted to hospital. Twenty two percent are children, to which a separate paediatric AE between the hours of 9am and 2am is available (Hospital website, 2009b). From April this year, the AE Department will become one of Londons four major trauma centres (MTC), and one of eight acute stroke centres (Healthcare for London, 2010). Preparations for this new designation were evident by the building of a computerised tomography scanner next door to Resuscitation, enabling suspected stroke patients to be scanned within two minutes of arriving. I spent most of my visit in Minors, a Department with 12 cubicles, which is staffed by two to three ENPs, one Senior House Officer, Registrar support, and a General Practitioner (GP) on Saturday and Sunday evenings. Despite having an adjacent WIC, this section of AE is dedicated to patients with minor injuries and illnesses. The most common presentations are due to infections (mostly ears, nose and throat, and urology), foreign bodies, wounds, fractures and head injuries. Numbers seen can vary, and around 150 patients had already been seen that day. There is a difference between days and nights, with days mostly seeing occupational injuries and GP referrals, with alcohol, drugs, domestic violence, assaults and foreign bodies featuring in the nights. In addition, weekends and evenings can see Minors taking on the role of an extended hours GP practice; supporting my hypothesis of poor PHC management and accessibility, as being a key cause of PHC in AE. The Department closes at 3am to reduce costs, but is sometimes too busy to do so. From next year, Minors will be a 24 hour service, with the aim for a Nurse-led service with Registrar support. This is to release medical staff for the new MTC, and in response to recommendations in Lord Darzis review on healthcare for London, discussed further in this assignment. The most surprising element of my visit, was to find out that ENPs are viewed and treated as junior doctors. This was mirrored by the consultation: history taking, examination, assessment, plan of care and documentation was that of seeing a medical doctor. While I was aware of the advanced and autonomous role of a NP, enabling diagnosing, prescribing and referring, I was taken back that NPs, certainly in this Department, have shifted from the nursing side of healthcare, and are now affiliated with medicine. The ENPs line management is a Registrar, who also supervises and signs off competencies. Any problems or concerns which need to be escalated, are dealt with by the Consultant. The AE Matron, and ultimately, the Director of Nursing are nowhere in the ENPs reporting line. The role of NP, reviews of urgent care, and PHC management are the topics I have chosen to base my discussion on. 3.0 DISCUSSION 3.1 Urgent care reviews The key review of urgent care in London is Lord Darzis Healthcare for London: A Framework for Action report. It was commissioned by NHS London in December 2006, in order to fulfil Londons healthcare needs over the next 5 to 10 years. The report acknowledged that many patients presenting to AE for minor illnesses and injuries would be better looked after in polyclinics or urgent care centres (UCC) with longer opening hours. Patients presenting to AE is not optimal due to the waiting period and being seen by junior doctors rather than GPs, who more suited to these complaints along with managing long-term health conditions (Healthcare for London, 2007a). The report proposes UCC with diagnostic equipment, where patients will have access to a Nurse or GP, recommending 24 hour access if based in AE (ie. Minors), or to be open on weekends and afterhours for those not hospital based (Healthcare for London, 2007a). A co-located UCC within AE can be important, in diverting urgent care away from attending AE/MTCs (Healthcare for London, 2007b). However, the ENP reported problems recruiting fellow ENPs with appropriate qualifications and experience, and was unsure whether Minors would be a Nurse-led 24 hour UCC, to coincide with the transformation of the main part of AE into a MTC in April. The Darzi report received criticism, largely directed at cost cuttings, cashing in on privatisation, the demotion of acute hospital services, the question of elderly care, and that future predictions on PHC and AE usage was an understatement. There is also criticism that recommendations have been made without practicalities, including polyclinic staffing, failings and costs of minor injuries units, and the future of healthcare staff (London Health Emergency, 2007). The ENP reported a poor skills mix at the adjacent WIC, such as not being able to read x-rays or suture, with patients being referred on to Minors. Alongside the question of resources being doubled up, such referring on leads to disjointed care and greater waiting lengths to be treated. It could also be confusing for patients to know where the best place to attend is, especially having been diverted from AE to the WIC on the advice of the Reception sign, only to end back up in AE. Clarity and streamlining of services is needed to improve patient experience. The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) survey found that Emergency Nurses were under huge strain to meet the DoHs four hour target, termed as unrealistic (RCN, 2010: website). The survey also reported that the majority of respondents felt that patients with various and complicated needs, have had their care rushed to meet targets, and 59% of respondents feeling the responsibility lying solely within Nurses (RCN, 2010). Yet the ENP I spoke to was happy with the target, which gave momentum if a patient needed to be seen by a Registrar and had been waiting over an hour, this would then be escalated to a Consultant. On questioning, the ENP felt that the target was realistic, practical and they had the resources. 3.2 Primary health care management and accessibility London has the most AE attendances and admissions than anywhere else in England, and many of the 83% of patients not admitted could be treated elsewhere, with 40% of complaints able to be resolved through PHC. However, access to PHC services in London after hours is inadequate; a main thought behind AE attendance. AE patients are more likely to be fulltime workers and may take reassurance in knowing that they will be seen in four hours, rather than a wait of up to (or longer than) 48 hours to see their GP (Healthcare for London, 2007b). According to the ENP, patients report issues making GP appointments and that AE is quicker than seeing their GP, as the main reasons for presenting with PHC matters. The Healthcare Commissions (HCC, now the Care Quality Commission) review on urgent care in England, found that more than 50% of patients have problems calling their GP surgery, and a quarter of patients found GP hours were not convenient, and avoided going (HCC, 2008). Incentives for GP surgeries to provide afterhours care was a recommendation by The Royal College of General Practitioner (RCGP) in their review on urgent care (RCGP, 2007). Yet, the HCCs review found that where GP services provide afterhours care, less than half had organised a phone diversion with local GPs, to divert afterhours calls to their services. The majority of patients attending afterhours GP services are seen within two hours after an initial telephone assessment (HCC, 2008). This is not only faster than attending AE, but a more appropriate use of resources. The review found that many people are not aware of healthcare services other than their own GP and AE, or they might be unsure of using them. There were also examples of patients being referred to services that were not accessible. Work needs to be done to increase both patients and healthcare professionals understanding of alternative healthcare services, and when to use them (HCC, 2008). This is a view shared by the RCGP, along with GP practices implementing systems to deal with urgent care and GP training (RCGP, 2007). The ENP expressed frustrations with GPs making inappropriate referrals to AE, rather than to Specialists, generally noting the practice of defensive medicine. Despite referring back to the GP on discharge, patients were bouncing back for simple things, such as to have their dressings attended to. The ENP rarely had time to speak with GPs, but when they did, it was mostly to phone to question why they had referred. In respect to patients, the ENP felt that they were either not taking responsibility for their health or there was poor self management, possibly due to poor or no patient education, such as not taking analgesia and attending AE to request. The RCGP also note the need for improved patient education and self management promotion in their review (RCGP, 2007). The ENP was also very critical of NHS Direct, Englands telephone advice line for healthcare. They felt that the service was inadequate, as it was not possible to make an assessment over the phone, and defensively referring to AE. Yet half of callers to NHS Direct were given advice on self management at home (NHS Direct, 2010). 3.3 The role of the Nurse Practitioner 4.0 SUMMARY This fieldwork exercise has been a valuable experience. It has demonstrated the impact PHC has on AE, an already stretched resource, exacerbated by poor PHC management and accessibility. For these reasons, I will bear in mind my present practice and on qualification as a NP, to make seamless and appropriate referrals.

Internet and Education - Internet as Teacher Essay -- Exploratory Ess

The Internet as Teacher    The Internet is here to stay. Whether one lives in a backwoods shack or Silicon Valley, the potential of online communication cannot be ignored. In facing the twenty-first century, a fearless inventory of the role that the World Wide Web will play in global culture must be taken. This "phantom resource," where web sites can shift and vanish like ghosts, should not lend itself to widespread application without careful examination of the specific functions it will be utilized to perform. The Internet is an entity without a master, and censure and discretion on the Web are left to the responsibility of the individual publisher. This means a student searching the vast fields of information that have flowered on-line may find pay dirt or fertilizer. Overzealous use of computers, even in innocence, to ease the burden of solid research in favor of convenience or for the sinister purpose of cutting costs, will reduce learning from a creative process to a point-and-click procedure , effectively diminishing students from social-learners to a cyber-tribe of hunters-and-gatherers relying on the ability of machines and the rote memorization of monitors' displays.    The blank countenance of the computer screen, the faceless teacher, is a frightening prospect of education's on-line future. Information is present as print, yet the medium of transference is missing. The student may be receptive and the information relevant; however, learning takes place not by passive observation but in a dynamic whirlwind of uncertainty and intent. A student enters the classroom to learn, and another human being must provide the nuance, the animation, and the conscious feedback--in short, the simple bi... ...runching ability of a calculator, it would be highly difficult to learn algebra directly from this device. In the same respect, the World Wide Web is not a means to an end. It is not the magnificent force that is the human intellect. The mind is humanity's greatest asset and its refinement is humanity's greatest achievement. The evolution of such a device should not be left to anything less than its equal. The intangibles involved in the shaping and growth of human consciousness--the excitement of sharing knowledge, the drive to communicate in the most effective way, the value of having a person take a personal stake in the education of an individual-- are without parallel. In the complex chemistry of education, the computer is just a tool. The true energy and force is in the experiment itself; the teacher is the catalyst; and the student is the reaction.

“Owls” by Mary Oliver Rhetorical Analysis Essay

In this excerpt from â€Å"Owls† Mary Oliver writes with grave, and pensive to consider her towards nature by indicating the complexities of one’s response towards nature. Her usage of figurative language to visualizing the surrounds of the flowers, her metaphors to control the interpretation of the owls and her imagery of the yin and yang point of view in her essay to fully describe the owls and the flowers. Oliver’s use of figurative diction produces a vivid image for the reader to engulf themselves in. The thrilling description of the great horned owl in a tree, depicting the owls a â€Å"pure† hunter of the world. The author explains that the owls are â€Å"merciless† against other animals generating a predator that is fearless in his hunt for his prey. The author is constantly placing labels upon the owls such as â€Å"death-bringer† to associate the owl with the cause of death. The author’s use of imagery to create a contrasting view of nature such as a yin and yang portray. The owl represents the yin of these cynical unforgiving creatures of â€Å"razor-tipped toes† displaying a rough character that terrifies any other creatures. While the yang of the flowers is dream-like and serene â€Å"red and pink and white tents† that truly embody the light and joy; the two are compared even through their colors of these â€Å"night† and light characters of nature. Contrasting is a major focus which the author uses throughout the excerpt about the characters of nature. Oliver depicts the â€Å"screech owl on her wrist† to explain the complicated characters of nature. Even though this great horned owl is terrifying, Oliver still is in amazement of it. She says it would become the main purpose of her life. While â€Å"the scream of the rabbit† in â€Å"pain and hopelessness† is terrible, it is not comparable with the â€Å"scream of the owl† which is of â€Å"sheer rollicking glory.† Nature has extremes, and the owl is the extreme of terror. The flowers, however, represent the extreme of happiness. Through parallelism, Oliver exemplifies the happiness given by the fields of flowers. The flowers have â€Å"sweetness, so palpable† that it overwhelms Oliver. Henceforth, Oliver though the use of diction her creates shift in the tone of the piece from cynical to serene. By translating from death and predator-prey owls to â€Å"immobilizing happiness† flowers, she primarily used contrasting views and lots of imagery to convey her view of nature different characters.

Top Summer Destinations for Students Approved by Travel Bloggers

Top Summer Destinations for Students Approved by Travel Bloggers â€Å"Travel more† is one of the most popular NY resolutions. However, setting a New Year resolution is only half the work. If you want to walk the talk, you should start doing first steps right away, such as choosing an incredible destination for your holiday. Below, you’ll find the list of eleven summer destinations affordable for a student’s budget. All the places were approved by travel bloggers as wonderful destinations for holidays. All of them are in different countries. If you are looking for something near you, check out our blog post on Best (and Cheapest) Summer Destinations that we previously published. Dubrovnik, Croatia If you want to visit a beautiful place steeped in history, visiting Dubrovnik is a must. While exploring Dubrovniks UNESCO-listed Old Town, you’ll see the locations used in series ‘Games of Thrones.’ The landscapes of Dubrovnik are really impressive and even fit backpacking. Even though harassing heat in summer is very likely, you still can enjoy this place if plan your visiting thoroughly. Advice from Kate McCulley from Adventurous Kate: Albufeira, Portugal Albufeira is known as a resort with an active nightlife. There are many bars, nightclubs, fast-food-joints. However, it’s also a place with nice golden sand beaches bordered by tall cliffs and small cozy seafood restaurant where you can eat and chat. The historic centre is also worth taking a look for its white buildings and beautiful pavement. If you like water sports, you’ll be interested in swimming on kayak or canoe in caves – quite scaring but exciting, right? Advice from Sonja Bolger from Migrating Miss: Migrating Miss on Facebook Migrating Miss on Twitter Migrating Miss on Instagram Karpathos, Greece Mountains, warm waters of Aegean Sea and colorful houses – this is what you will see on this island. Here, you’ll find peace and joy, fascinating natural views and nice villages. There are plenty of beaches on Karpathos where you can just relax or try windsurfing, kitesurfing or scuba diving. If you like different cultural festivals, you should plan a trip to Karpathos in summer as the biggest cultural festival, Tsambouna, takes place. Opinion of Don Stevens From MyGreeceTravelBlog: Agrigento, Italy This city will seem attractive for you for its prices, beautiful sights, ancients ruins, fresh air and delicious seafood! You can explore plenty of diverse ruins here, take a car to get to a picturesque village of Sciacca which lies on the Mediterranean and just chill from your everyday routine! Advice from Jonathan Lessuck From Travels in the 2nd half: Edinburgh, Scotland Edinburgh is the city that will immerse you into the atmosphere of the Medieval times. Take a tour of historic castles and palaces, mosey along the Old Town, visit galleries to see traditional and contemporary artworks and museums to see unique ancient and modern artifacts. For nature-lovers, there’s also one special place to visit – extinct volcano. Insight from Lucy Dodsworth from On the Luce : Mo’orea One of the most beautiful of French Polynesian islands. Its not as popular as Thaiti, but you can still take an advantage of it. You can spend your holidays much cheaper on Mo’orea, admire charming nature and get rest from noisy cities. The prices for accommodations start from $40. If you want to save even more money, buy food in grocery stores instead of eating in restaurants. The difference in prices is significant. Advice from The Smith Family from Our Family Passport: Oaxaca, Mexico Here, in Oaxaca, you have many things to do, including tasting local food, such as fried grasshoppers; visiting a UNESCO World Heritage Site of Monte Albn and the Museum of Oaxacan Cultures; enjoying fascinating architecture of the city. Also, you’d like watching the performances of dancers and signers on the main square, the Zolaco. Advice from HeatherJohn Widmer from Roaming Around the World: Phuket, Thailand Phuket is one more splendid (and cheap!) summer destination for those who adore having rest on the beach. Add to your to-do-list these items: visit Big Buddha; stroll down Bangla Road to experience city’s nightlife; relax on the beach; see Phuket FantaSea Show; visit beautiful Phuket temples. For animal-lovers, there’s one more specific item to visit – Phuket Elephant Sanctuary. It is organized in way that animals are not bothered by visitors. Opinion of Elin Chow: Tbilisi, Georgia The country of tasty cuisine, hospitable people, picturesque architecture and beautiful mountains. Tbilisi is a diverse town in which you can find modern cafes, restaurant, parks and galleries but also you can observe old narrow streets, balconied houses, small churches, 17-centuries-old Narikala Fortress and feel the community atmosphere. Opinion of Shannon O’Donnell from A Little Adrift: Bali, Indonesia Cheap prices, white sand beaches, friendly locals, exotic food – that is all about Bali. Here, you can go hiking or do some water sports, such as scuba diving, snorkeling, swimming with dolphins and other water inhabitants. Also, you should try unusual cuisine, swim in the ocean or dip into hot springs and get rest from the web. For some people bad internet connection is the worst thing in the world and for others it’s an opportunity to relax from all those informational noise. Bali Advice from Salt in our Hair: Bolivia Bolivia is full of adventures! Have you ever dreamt of paragliding, or extremal fishing, or riding? Bolivia is perfect for that. Try paragliding above incredible La Paz valleys, pull enormous fishes out of the Amazon river or climb the highest Andean peaks. Extreme-lovers would adore this place! If you are not that kind of person, you still have many things to do here, such as observing unique animal species, trying llama tenderloin, and investigating rich culture of the locals. Advice from Flora Baker from Flora the Explorer:

The Universe and the Cosmological Argument essays

The Universe and the Cosmological Argument essays Cosmology has always been an interesting area of study for me. For as long as I can remember, every time I look up at the night sky, a million questions pop into my head. Questions such as "Is there intelligent life out there?" "How large is space, does it expand infinitely, if it does, what does it expand into?" These and many other questions still plague my mind. We can define Cosmology as the study of the heavens as a whole, including theories about its origin, evolution, large-scale structure, and future. I would agree with this description and would like to explain my point of view of the topics that Cosmology covers. Personally, I tend to believe that the big bang theory may have an explanation for the current state of our universe. The idea that all of this exploded from a super mass isn't too hard to believe. It gives good reason to the expansion of the universe, and the 360-degree view of the universe (this because the explosion would have sent mass outward in every direction), but I wouldn't think of it as the origin of the universe. I mean, in my mind, something had to be there to cause this super mass. Was the universe contracting until it formed this huge mass? I believe that we may never know how the universe came about, rather have some idea as to what came directly before it's current state as well as before that and so on. We could come up with ideas until we die, and someone would just continue in our footsteps. I do have one idea as to how this super mass which is the being behind the big bang theory came to be one mass. Scientists, as well as philosophers and just about anyone you talk to, can tell you that the universe is still expanding today, possibly because of the big bang. Though no one could tell you how this super mass came to be, or how it originated. I believe that there is a never-ending cycle of the expansion and contraction of the entire universe. The universe as we know it now is in a state of e...

Economics-how does ethics influence regulation both in the U.S and Essay

Economics-how does ethics influence regulation both in the U.S and abroad - Essay Example Thus the influence of ethics in shaping up regulation is essential to the overall well-being of the governmental and/or private entities, working within the country’s boundaries. It gives them the edge to explore new grounds and be vocal about the same. (Elliston, 1988) It facilitates in building policies which could assist not only their business from a rational standpoint but also the plight of its stakeholders, which could be far and wide, varied and distinctive – all at the same time. The ethical debates are thus facilitative in the fact that the vision is followed to the core and the government regulations which are set about under such a process are appreciated by the people at large and the governmental circles within the country. All said and done, the role of ethics plays to the positive effects of any government regulation, be it a huge one or of a very small

Chemotherapy Lounge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemotherapy Lounge - Assignment Example Nursing as caring by Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer is the most appropriate theory. The theory explains that caring is an innate virtue arising from the humanness of a person. It further explains that people live their live caring at every moment with each moment being unique. The patient in the case requires simple recognitions some of which arises from the humanness of the nurses. He wants the nurse to care for his unique needs at every moment. As such, the theory offers the best description of a nurse that would enhance his holistic healing. Jean Watson’s theory of human caring offers relational caring both for self and for others. The theory explains that one must always cultivate his or her spiritual practice beyond the ego. This requires a form of mind body and spirit type of wholesomeness in order for one to work as a nurse (Watson, 2008). Such an individual practices a form of loving kindness and equanimity that can help the patient in the

Virginia Woolf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Virginia Woolf - Essay Example In the novel "To the Lighthouse", Woolf articulates her inner thoughts clearly with regards women's occupations and her notion of work. Mrs Ramsay, the main character in this novel, illustrates her creativity in social life as she finds comfort in her role as a loyal wife. Lily, however, despite criticisms hurled against female artists, evident in one of Mr. Ramsey's imprudent utterances that "Women can't write, women can't paint", firmly devotes herself to her vocation, as she is very passionate about her art. Mr Ramsey contentions about women and their vocations exemplify the Victorian assumptions that males and females have their 'assigned roles and they must adhere to it. In contrast, Mrs. Ramsey is a picture of a person satisfied with her life in her chosen endeavor. Often she would make comments about Lily and the girl's artistic leanings by saying, "With her little Chinese eyes and her puckered-up face, she would never marry; one could not take her painting very seriously; she was an independent little creature, and Mrs Ramsay liked her for it" (Woolf 17). Woolf, of course, highly regards artistry as a great occupation as she contends that, "women ought to be as well educated as men, indeed a great deal better immerses herself in an "abstract discipline" (her art). Woolf once stated that all vocations should be unlocked to anyone qualified for them regardless of gender, color or race. As Woolf defies stereotypical roles, her opinions both implicit and explicit, are fundamental in understanding life in her particular setting, and significant in comprehending her arguments on gender roles, work, profession, gender equality and social constraints on women in her generation. Woolf in these writings depicts the roles of women in nonconformist roles and careers in order to explore ideas of work and vocation. In her two works, each of the female protagonists is depicted differently. For instance, in her work, "A Room of One's Own", Woolf shows the progression o f women as they adopt a non-conventional career by 'having money and a room of their own to explore creative endeavors, actions considered taboo in Woolf's generation. In contrast, To the Lighthouse portrays a 'new woman' and her "work" or "vocation" through the novel's protagonists, Lily Briscoe who represents the new woman, adopts her professional career on professional and sincere level. Arnold Bennett stated that a "woman who adopts a professional career will be taken seriously". Lily follows this guide as she disentangles herself from the customary duties that women like Mrs. Ramsay holds, she instead shapes her artistry and stresses individuality through her vocation. In addition, Lily refuses to link her identity to that of men or husband as she has a distinct idea of marriage. The women's movement gave women the chance to cede their domestic duties and the freedom to voice up the difficulties that they were facing in life. Both Lily and Mrs Ramsey receive "vocational discouragement" from males, Lily holds onto her desires and treats her vocation like a 'god' and special gift that she

Texting While Driving Essay Example for Free

Texting While Driving Essay Sitting on the highway in traffic and the cell phone goes off. Hearing the recognizable text message ringtone a person starts to think, â€Å"Maybe it’s my friend telling me about the update on the party tonight, or my mother, what if something is wrong? † It does look like traffic is going to be moving anytime soon, and knowing that it would only take a min, if that, to respond, they do. Before they know it the car in front of them stops too fast and there in an accident. Texting while behind the wheel takes your eyes off the road, you lose your focus, and it has a high risk factor. Texting while driving is very dangerous and can cause serious harm. Texting while driving takes away the one thing that absolutely everyone counts on while behind the wheel, vision. No matter where the phone is placed, whether it is on the dash board or on the steering wheel, one’s eyes are not where they need to be. People’s eyes are suppose to be one the road at all times. Texting takes that away and it doesn’t matter how quick someone thinks they are, there is always a possibility. Just for that split second of reading a message that is o so important, a crash could happen. Eyes are the most important thing needed when driving and when not on the road a lot of harm can be caused. Yes some people are able to text without looking at their phones, and they might think it is safe, but it isn’t. Just because someone’s eyes aren’t on the phone doesn’t mean their focus isn’t. There is a saying that goes, â€Å"Just because your hear me, doesn’t mean you’re listening to me. † This can also be said about sight. Just because someone is looking at the road, doesn’t mean they are paying attention to what’s going on. That is exactly how it is with texting. A persons eyes might be on the road, but their focus is on what they are saying in that message. While they are trying to make sure they hit the right key on their phone their not noticing what’s going on around them. This can be dangerous because people don’t only have to worry about how they are driving but concentrate on the drivers around them. With their focus on the phone a car could easily dart out in front of them before they notice it and cause a accident. The element of surprise also makes texting while driving dangerous. People never know what is going to be in a message. It could be something so surprising that a person completely forgets that their driving to celebrate. It could be something so sad that someone could break down in tears and lose control of the wheel. Not knowing what one is going to read or how they are going to react is a good reason not to even take the risk. Mostly everyone in their own way is guilty of texting while driving. Even though someone might think they’re the fastest person at texting, there is always a chance. They may not believe that it can be that damaging but in reality it can. A life is more important and is worth waiting until not driving anymore.

The Secularization Thesis

The Secularization Thesis It was Voltaire who said, If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. Our theory agrees. (Stark and Bainbridge 1987, page 23). These words uttered by Stark and Bainbridge back in 1987 offer a glimpse into the longstanding and heated debated between the previously dominant, the Secularization Thesis and the completing Supply Side Theory, in academic sociology. Both theories have profound implications for the future of religion as a force in society. This essay will look at two articles published in the Sociology of Religion. Firstly, this essay will look at the two completing theories of the Secularization Thesis and the Supply Side. Secondly, a summary of the main points of Starks article entitled Secularization: RIP† in 1999, and Bruces 2001 response article entitled Christianity in Britain: RIP will be presented. Looking critically at both articles, this essay will conclude that Stark has won the debate for this around. The secularization thesis dates from when the theory of development was at the high of its influence. The theory in its modern incantation comes from the work of British sociologist Bruan Wilson in the 1960s. This twofold thesis was based on the observation that since the French and industrial revolutions in Europe in the 19th and 20 centuries have lead to a decline in religiosity. Firstly, this theory used Modernity as an explanation for the exit of Christianity from the world. Secondary, this theory, would have the same effects on all types of societies. It saw the extinction of religion from an enlightened world. On the other hand, Supply Side Theory came to challenge the secularization theory in the 1980s. This theory aims to explain religiosity. Proponents believe that there is a constant potential human demand for religious goods over time and between societies. They believe that as the supply of these goods fluctuates, these fluctuations explain the different levels of religio us vigour in different societies. Basically, the greater the religious diversity of a society, the better the religious vigour in that society. As previously noted the secularization thesis theory has come under aggressive attack. Rodney Stark, then teaching at the University of Washington in 1999 published his article â€Å"Secularization, R.I.P. in the Sociology of Religion journal. In this article, Stark clearly argues that the Secularisation theoy, is out-dated, old-fashioned and, as the title of his article highlights, the theory is dead and should be left to rest in peace Stark begins his article by noting, â€Å"[f]or nearly three centuries, social scientists and assorted western intellectuals have been promising the end of religion†. Stark makes five major claims about the thesis. Firstly, according to Stark, Modernity and modernisation is seen by theorists to be the cause of secularization. He notes that modernisation is a â€Å"long, gradual, relatively stable process†, and that if secularization is the result of modernisation, there will be a corresponding â€Å"long-term, gradual, and relatively constant trend of religious decline†. Secondly, to Stark, the focus of the predictions is on individual piety, especially belief, not institutional differentiation. He believes that some supporters of the secularization thesis have changed their focus and definition so they do not have to admit that their thesis is failed. In fact, Stark agrees religion institutions have less power and that religious ritual and symbols have become le ss common in public life. Starks third argument is that in all versions of the thesis the claim that â€Å"of all aspects of modernization, it is science that has the most deadly implications for religion†. Fourthly, Secularization is irreversible. Nevertheless, Stark disagrees with this by noting Andree Greeleys 1994 comment that after 70 years of Soviet Union militant efforts to achieve secularisation â€Å"St. Vladimir has routed Karl Marx†. Finally, Stark notes that the thesis applies globally. While the theorists have mostly focuses on Christianity, â€Å"belief in supernatural powers† is going to die out all over the world. Allah and Jehovah will both join each other as an â€Å"interesting historical memory†. Secularization, R.I.P., then gets into specifics. To Stark the secularization thesis has failed to be an accurate prediction due to six main reasons. Firstly, it is a myth that there has been a decline in religious belief and participation because â€Å"there has been no demonstrable long-term decline in European religious participation† and in Europe â€Å"levels of subjective religiousness remain high.† Next, he argues that there has never been an â€Å"Age of Faith†. To Stark most Europeans did not attend church during the middle Ages and during the Renaissance. In fact, he highlights that many clergy were incompetent and that clergy were often absent from their parishes. In addition, while there were â€Å"periodic explosions of mass religious enthusiasm†, this offers even stronger evidence against involvement in organized religion. As a result, it can be said religious participation sometimes rises and sometimes declines. Thirdly, he argues that never was Europe really Christianized. Stark believes that although early Christianity was a â€Å"mass social movement in a highly competitive environment,† it lost its energy after it became the official religion of the Roman Empire. After Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, there was never an attempt to convert the general population of Europe. This ties in to his fourth argument. Stark notes that while some theorists confirm there was no â€Å"Age of Faith, to them people still had high levels of religious belief, even if they did not go to church. Stark believes, using secular Iceland as an example, this still applies today, noting that while Iceland only has 2 percent church attendance, only 2.4 percent of the country are atheists. Fifthly, â€Å"if secularization is to show up anywhere it must show up among scientists†. However, Stark discovers that many scientists report being religious. Evidence that there is a conflict between religion and science is m ostly fictional, and scientists are not â€Å"notably irreligious†. Finally, Stark ends his rant about the fails of the Secularization theory by stating that evidence from Eastern Europe, Muslim nations and practitioners of Asian â€Å"folk† religions that modernity is compatible with religion. In 2001, Steven Bruce, Professor of Sociology at the University of Aberdeen, responded to Stark, with the appropriately titled â€Å"Christianity in Britain, R.I.P.†. Bruce disagrees with Starks hypothesis that the secularisation is simply a myth, based upon underestimating the religious vitality of the of the world today. Furthermore, Stark argued that this myth also exaggerated the religiosity of the past age of faith. In order to refute Starks claims, Bruce uses Britain as an example. Firstly, Bruce looks back at pre-industrial Britain. While knowledge of religion and its orthodoxy may have been limited, in order for there to be no golden age of faith we would have to be able accept nine â€Å"sociologically implausible assumptions†. These range from wondering if the most powerful national institution had little or no impact upon the people. To why would people allow such a large amount of the wealth of Britain go to this institution which they did not support. To Br uce, religious beliefs then were still far more pervasive and influential than they are now. Next, Bruce looks at various indicators of the decline of Christianity in Britain over the last 150 years. Today, most Christian communities are in decline. Even if we just look to surveys done in 1951, 1990, and 2000 there is a clear trend of dramatic decline. Bruce goes as far to comment that using the long-term stable trend of the decline of Church membership and attendance, it is possible to make a statistical projection that by the 2030s the main Christian denominations will cease to exist. (Methodist). Bruce clearly believes that no amount of supply side revisionism will change the fact that Christianity in Britain is in serious trouble. Bruce then takes a critical look at supply-side theories of religion, which argue that demand is constant and that levels of religious vitality therefore depend on the supply, which is greatest when there is a free and competitive market for providers. He asks that considering Christianity has always valued collective acts of worship, and if there is a free marketplace for religion and no lack of shortage of Christian organisations. Surly this should be expressed in some way. Bruce notes that while the New Age movement might appear to demonstrate the existence of widespread informal religious belief, perhaps of an enduring need for religion, his examination of the extent, nature, and significance of that movement suggests otherwise, noting that they are â€Å"numerically all but irrelevant†. The memberships of these new organisations do not sufficiently make up for those lost from the more traditional denominations, which are in danger of dwindling past the demographic point o f no return.

Pride And Prejudice: Summary :: essays research papers

Pride and Prejudice: Summary Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is a complex novel that relates the events surrounding the relations, lives, and loves of a middle-upper class English family in the late nineteenth century. Because of the detailed descriptions of the events surrounding the life of the main character of the story, Elizabeth Bennet, Pride and Prejudice is a very involving novel whose title is very indicative of the themes contained therein. The first volume opens in the Bennet household at Longbourn in England. As there are five unmarried daughters living in the home at the time, the matron of the family, Mrs. Bennet, is quite interested when news of a wealthy man moving to Netherfield, a place in the near vicinity. Mrs. Bennet, in the best interest of her daughters, soon after begins urging her husband to meet with the newly arrived neighbor, a Mr. Bingley, but he is quite reluctant to do so. Soon after, Mr.Bennet surprises his daughters and his wife by announcing that he had visited Netherfield and found Bingley to be "quite agreeable." The interest of the Bennet daughters arises when they learn that certain members of the Bingley party will be in attendance at an upcoming ball in Meryton. At the ball, acquaintances between the families are made, and all find both Mr.Bingley and his cousin Fitzwilliam Darcy to be exceedingly handsome, however Darcy's pride is so irritating and repulsive, it makes his character almost totally disagreeable. It is at this ball, however, that the oldest Bennet daughter, Jane, becomes involved with Mr.Bennet; her younger sister Elizabeth, however, falls victim to Mr. Darcy's pride and is shunned by him during the entire ball. Beginning with this event, Elizabeth forms a prejudice towards Mr. Darcy that will prevent her future involvement with him. It is here then that the two main themes of he work, pride and prejudice, are first presented. Soon after the ball, it becomes obvious that Mr. Bingley's feelings towards Jane deepen, and Jane's feelings also appear when the family visits their neighbors the Lucases after the Meryton Ball. This, however, produces concern from both his older sister and Mr. Darcy, who dislike the behavior of her family and, being part of the upper class, are prevented by their pride from liking anyone of lower status. Mr. Darcy's attitude towards Elizabeth Bennet, however, soon begin to change, as he appreciates her subtle beauty. It is because of her prejudice against him, however, that Elizabeth does not recognize his affections; he begins to join her conversations, and even expresses to his cousins his feelings.

Sport as Solvation to Reduce Stress

Stress is generally known as a reaction, or a natural system defender. In mostly recognized situations, stress can be annoying, disturbing, and the detach from activity. Most of our generation tends to work, and the same amount works in the service industry. We do not however realize how much, or how long per week we should work. Usually the working hours combines between 35hpw and 45hpw, but in many cases this is the rule which just the contract contains. The general definition is â€Å" working longer means earning more†, so people do, and reach absolutely records of â€Å"long hours „of work such as 60/70hours per week. In return we collect few more coins, and extremely high level of stress, which reflexes at our homes, and on our health condition. This is just a little step forward to achieve mental disaster, to ruin home stabilization, or simply get a heart attack. Do we want this? To keep ourselves up and running, we could set our day with some sport activity, which in my opinion is the best solution for any kind of stress. First of all, it will drug as out from the habit being at work, at home and work again, so look around you neighborhood to find a swimming pool or gym. Then join it and try to get there for at least twice a week at beginning. No one sais to lift the heaviest weights, but analogically you will find it relaxing. Exactly the same with swimming pool or any other kinds of sport such as running. Do not try to overwork and the result will be guaranteed. You start to sleep better, your concentration will improve, and after sometime you want be able to leave without it. Its hard to break habits, but remember, nothing last for ever, and especially our health. There are money to earn, but no health. If you wish to end up as ailing in your early forties, forget about the sport activity and keep working as crazy, however you want appreciate the fact of earned money because you will spend them for medical treatment.

Electronic Toll Collection Essays

Electronic Toll Collection Essays Electronic Toll Collection Essay Electronic Toll Collection Essay A  2. 45  GHz  RFID  System   for  Electronic  Toll   Collection B. Tech. Project by Praneeth  Tammiraju   04007032 Index 1. Introduction 2. RFID in ETC a. RFID – a review b. The actual role c. Technicalities in brief 3. The Reader Design a. The transceiver design b. Circuit description c. The PCB of the reader d. Programmability of the reader 4. The Transponder Design a. Broad Overview b. Redesigning rectifier 5. Communication Protocol 6. Conclusion 7. References 2 3 3 3 4 6 6 7 9 9 11 11 11 13 14 15 Introduction Tolling on roads and highways today is done mostly on a manual basis i. e. vehicles stop at a check gate and the toll is collected manually by authorized personnel. This poses a lot of problems such as traffic congestion, inefficient use of human resources, vast amount fuel and time wastage apart from, of course seeming very primitive in today’s world of automation. There are already methods in practice that attempt to automate the whole pr ocess. Systems that use installed video cameras that scan the license plates of the vehicles to identify the vehicles and initiate the tolling process are a viable solution but with their own problems in execution – the most important being the logistical diversity in the nature of vehicles which makes a universal protocol impossible. In this context, RFID puts forward a very efficient solution to the automation problem in the case of electronic toll collection. This document discusses the use of RFID in Electronic Toll Collection. It discusses the requirements of such an pplication and how RFID systems should be customized to meet these needs. It describes a circuit for the transceiver at frequency 2. 45 GHz and its interfacing with a computer. A brief note about the specifications of the antenna used and an introduction to the transponder design are made. 2 RFID in ETC RFID – a review The basic working of an RFID is well described in Fig. 1 below. Fig. 1: Schematic of an RFI D system [1] The actual role Given this background of RFID and its working, its application in toll collection becomes obvious. The use of RFID in tolling can be explained simply with the analogy of pre-paid mobile phone users. Every mobile phone user pays a certain amount of credit amount and gets a calling card. Now, whenever he makes a call, the stipulated amount of call charges is deducted from his credit amount. This is the basic idea of electronic toll collection. Vehicle owners pay some credit amount and get an RFID transponder or tag on which information as to the vehicle identity and credit amount is coded. This tag is stuck on the vehicle itself. Whenever the vehicle crosses a highway toll gate where RFID transceivers or readers are installed, the vehicle is identified with the help of communication between the readers and the tag and the information is passed onto the centralized network and database from where the toll amount is deducted. Ideally, this is a perfect remedy for manual toll collection where complete automation is possible. Still for purpose of policing and legal issues, video cameras can be installed for video confirmation of the vehicle and some personnel can be appointed to supervise the processes. 3 Fig. : Electronic Toll Collection [2] An improvement in this system could be if this installation is made in two stages i. e. if two gateways are installed some distance apart so that when a vehicle passes through the first gateway the tolling process is initiated and the toll deduction is confirmed at the second gateway whereby a check gate can be opened thereby enabling law enforcement and automation. Technica lities in brief The technical issues involved in building the above described system are [3]: The RFID reader at the gateway The RFID tag on the vehicle Proper communication between the above The network connectivity The RFID reader The RFID reader must be equipped enough to perform functions such as initiating information exchange with the in-vehicle tags and with the central database network simultaneously. This typically asks for an RF transceiver connected to microcontroller which is in turn connected to a computer interface. The detailed discussion on its design features is made ahead in this document. The RFID tag The RFID tag that is present inside the vehicle will preferably be an active tag i. e. it carries an on board power source like a battery. It also carries enough memory on it to store the identification information of the vehicle. Also, read-write capabilities must both be present on the tag. 4 Communication between the reader and the tag Electronic Toll Collection has as its primary objective the unobstructed passage of vehicles through the gateway. This implies the information exchange that needs to take place between the reader and the tag must occur even the vehicle speeds are of the order of nearly 80 kmph especially when the vehicles pass from a good distance of nearly 5 m – 8 m from the reader. This necessitates fast data transfer between the reader and the tag, typically of the order of 1 – 2 Mbps. At the same time, the open spaces usually encountered on highways minimize the trouble of obstructions in the line of sight. Under these conditions, a system that operates in the microwave region seems most conducive. The ISM band around 2. 45 GHz serves this purpose. Thus, the system to be discussed in this document is designed to be operational in the range of 2. 45 GHz. There is no standard protocol that is used universally in RFID applications in the range of 2. 5 GHz. Still, on studying the various automatic toll collection systems in place, it is understood that the IEEE standard 802. 11 could be used for the information exchange between the reader and the tag. The network connectivity The reader collects the data from the tag and it must then coordinate with the centralized database through a perpetual network so that toll deduction procedure is completed without g litches. This requires credible and fast network systems that offer similar data transfer rates so as to enable the passage of the vehicle without delay. The speeds of the network can, of course, be traded off with the distance between the two stages of the toll gateways. In cases of network failure, a backup buffer memory for the transactions must be present at the reader itself. Among the four critical technical issues mentioned here, this document describes in detail the RFID reader design. 5 The Reader Design The reader design can be broadly divided into two parts – the actual transceiver design and its interfacing with the computer through a serial port like MAX32 protocol. Here, only the transceiver design is concentrated upon while a diagram describing the interfacing with the computer is provided. The transceiver design This document describes the design of the transceiver made by the use of the industry-range chip CC2511f8 – an RF transceiver chip from Chipcon (now from Texas Instruments). This chip is chosen so as to enable RF communication at 2. 45 GHz and also because it suits our needs of data transfer speeds and power consumption. Fig. 3: Transceiver circuit using CC2511f8 [4] 6 Circuit description [4] The three most important parts of the circuit to be described are the biasing resistor, the RF impedance matching circuit and the USB connectivity circuit. The biasing resistor The resistor R271 is used to setup a biasing current accurately. The RF impedance matching As seen from the pins RF_N and RF_P, the impedance of the antenna circuitry must be Zout = 80 + j74 ? This is taken care of by the balun circuitry. The USB connection The resistors R262 and R263 near the pins DP and DM are used for impedance matching and the resistor R264 is used as a pull-up resistor. This resistor must be tied to the voltage provided by the USB bus itself. The typical values of the various elements used in the circuit are given below in Table 1. An important note should be made about the decoupling capacitors at the power source. Their values and placement very close to the supply is a critical issue in the performance of the reader. The antenna [5] The diagram shows an alternative solution for the antenna as a folded dipole PCB antenna as opposed to the shown 50 ? antenna. The characteristics of that antenna are given in the tables and figures to follow. 7 Table 1: Values of the components used in the circuit [4] Fig. 4: Folded dipole antenna circuit [5] Table 2: Folded Dipole properties [5] Table 3: Dimensions of the antenna [5] 8 The PCB design of reader Given below is a simplified design of a PCB which is ready to be plugged directly into computer through a USB connection. There were quite some issues faced in the design of this PCB which ideally should have been done in many layers to reduce the size and ease the physical utility. Considering experimental and laboratory utility, the physical dimensions of the PCB have been bloated and hence, the whole circuit has been accommodated in just two layers with the bottom layer being a complete ground plane. The commercial availability of the capacitors and inductors of the specified values and size was a major concern and hence, some minor modifications have been made while designing the PCB. Despite such extensive care taken to relatively ease this PCB’s manufacturability, physically making this PCB is still a tough job given the acutely narrow connections and dense packing of elements on the board. Programmability of the reader The reader consisting of CC2511f8 has some unique programming features such as direct programmability from a computer via USB connection. However, it needs a programmer/evaluation kit and a software named SmartRF from TI. If once programmed initially, the given circuit can then be used as a dongle for all information exchange with a computer. The programming is rather simple given the on-board microcontroller being an adapted version of 8051. Also, the chip provides elaborate programmability thanks to the various components like ADC, USB connector, I/O devices etc. eing on-board and controllable. The reader could have well been made of CC2500 which doesn’t have an on-board microcontroller and hence can be programmed via an external microcontroller in a much simpler fashion. However, this typically increases the complication of the circuitry and necessitates the usage of external components. This greatly limits the functionality of the reader. The USB connectivity is also greatly handicapped in such systems. Most importantly, though the initial costs of the reader with CC2511f8 are high due to the ost of the programmer, in the long run or for manufacturing purposes, it proves to be much cheaper than a reader with CC2500 and an attached 8051 microcontroller. 9 Fig. 5: The 2-layer design of the USB connectable reader using CC2511f32 Fig. 6: PCB layout and dimensions of the antenna 10 The Transponder Design Broad overview The design of the transponder is dealt in brief over here concentrating on the essentials. Its basic architecture is described vividly in the figure given below: Fig. 7: Transponder architecture [6] Redesigning rectifier Typically, it is expected to use an active tag for toll collection purposes as fast data rates and long ranges are mandatory. However, if we can have a good rectifier with high efficiency, passive tags can be a good option too as they would then make the whole system cost effective. An effort to throw light on one such possibility is made in this document. Consider the following rectifier design: Fig. 8: Rectifier design [6] 11 This rectifier has been tested for an efficiency of 37% [6] and thus, it makes it very much possible to use passive tags in the design of transponders for electronic toll collection. This design has added advantages of providing the possibility to predict the input power in order drive a specific DC current at a specific DC voltage. There is a lot of scope for further work on this architecture to specify the exact design of the transponder in the later stages of this project. 12 Communication Protocol The electronic toll collection systems use the back-scattering modulation techniques to establish tag-reader communication. This is achieved essentially by varying the reflection coefficient at the rectifier input. The reflection coefficient can be varied both in its amplitude and in its phase. Thus, both ASK and PSK are possible. In ASK the input impedance is switched between the matching and the reflecting values whereas in PSK the impedance reactive part it switched between two complex conjugate values [6]. Both ASK and PSK have their own advantages and disadvantages and their choice is a strict trade-off between the power used by the tag for its operations and the power reflected in back-scattering for communication with the interrogator. In order to accomplish multi-lane tolling, we need to ensure that anti-collision algorithms are in place. Usually TDMA protocol with Slotted-Aloha procedure is effective in road-tolling systems. 13 Conclusion This document has discussed a design of the 2. 45 GHz RFID system for the use of toll collection. The complete design of the reader is now ready to be built and tested and for the transponder, a design for an active tag was studied and a new design using the mentioned rectifier for a passive tag is proposed. The prime challenge in taking this project ahead would be the programmability of the new chip that was discussed as it requires a completely new programmer tool different from its previous RFID semiconductor counterparts. Alternate designs using the older chips can be accomplished but the cost and size reduction and the efficiency one can achieve with this CC2511f32 make the installation of the new programmer worthy for any scale of manufacture larger than laboratories. 14 References [1] O. Shoewu and O. Badejo, â€Å"Radio Frequency Identification Technology: Development, Application, and Security Issues† Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 7, Number 2, November 2006. www. akamaiuniversity. us/PJST7_2_144. pdf [2] www. quatech. com/applications [3] www. freepatentsonline. com/6639509-0-large. pg [4] Datasheet, â€Å"Low-Power SoC (System-on-Chip) with MCU, Memory, 2. 4 GHz RF Transceiver, and USB Controller†, CC2511f8, Texas Instruments. [5] Design Note, â€Å"Folded dipole for CC25xx†, DN004, Texas Instruments. [6] Jari-Pascal Curty, Norbert Joehl, Catherine Dehollain, Michel Declercq, â€Å"A 2. 45 GHz Remotely Powered RFID System†, Research in Microelectro nics and Electronics, 2005 PhD, Volume 1, 25-28 July 2005 Page(s):153 156 vol. 1. [7] U. S. Patent: Woo et al. , Dual Mode Electronic Toll Collection Transponder, U. S. Appl. No. 11/409,897, filed Apr. 24, 2006. [8] U. S. Patent: Tang, RF Transponder with Electromechanical Power, U. S. Appl. No. 11/054,520, filed Feb. 9, 2005. [9] U. S. Patent; Tang et al. , Method of Enabling Two-State Operation of Electronic Toll Collection System, U. S. Appl. No. 11/437,236, filed May 19, 2006. [10] Sabri Serkan Basat, â€Å"Design and Characterization of RFID modules in Multilayer Configurations†, etd. gatech. edu/theses/available/etd-11202006124610/unrestricted/basat_sabri_s_200612_mast. pdf [11] IEEE Standard 802. 11b-1999 R(2003) http://standards. ieee. org/getieee802/download/802. 11-1999. pdf 15